Counterpoint (The Art of Interweaving)
Harmony is “Vertical” (stacking notes). Counterpoint is “Horizontal” (weaving lines). In Harmony, everyone sings the same rhythm (like a hymn). In Counterpoint, every voice has its own rhythm and melody, yet they sound perfect together. This is the style of J.S. Bach.
25.1 The Rules of Independence
To write good counterpoint, the two melodies must look different.
- Contrary Motion: If Melody A goes UP, Melody B should go DOWN. This is the strongest type of motion.
- Oblique Motion: Melody A stays on the same note, while Melody B moves.
- Parallel Motion: Both move in the same direction. (Use this carefully, or they blend into one).
25.2 Species Counterpoint
This is the strict training method used by classical composers for 400 years.
- First Species: Note against Note. (For every whole note in the bass, the soprano sings one whole note).
- Second Species: Two against One. (Bass sings whole note; Soprano sings two half notes).
- Third Species: Four against One. (Bass sings whole note; Soprano sings four quarter notes).
- Fourth Species: Syncopation. (The Soprano uses ties/suspensions to offset the rhythm).